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References and research papers

Please find below a reference list for the medical statement provided by the University College of London.

  1. van der Woude LH, Veeger HE, de Boer Y, Rozendal RH. Physiological evaluation of a newly designed lever mechanism for wheelchairs. J Med Eng Technol 1993; 17:232-240.
  2. Veeger HE, van der Woude LH, Rozendal RH. Effect of handrim velocity on mechanical efficiency in wheelchair propulsion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24:100-107.
  3. van der Woude LH, Botden E, Vriend I, Veeger D. Mechanical advantage in wheelchair lever propulsion: effect on physical strain and efficiency. J Rehabil Res Dev 1997; 34:286-294.
  4. Engel P, Hildebrandt G. Wheels: Wheelchair Design - Technological and Physiological Aspects. Proc Roy Soc Med 1974; 67:409-413.
  5. Engel P, Seeliger K. Technological and physiological characteristics of a newly developed hand-lever drive system for wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev 1986; 23:37-40.
  6. Robertson RN, Boninger ML, Cooper RA, Shimada SD. Pushrim forces and joint kinetics during wheelchair propulsion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77:856-864.
  7. Guo LY, Zhao KD, Su FC, An KN. Moment generation in wheelchair propulsion. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H ] 2003; 217:405-413.
  8. van der Woude LH, Veeger HE, Dallmeijer AJ, Janssen TW, Rozendaal LA. Biomechanics and physiology in active manual wheelchair propulsion. Med Eng Phys 2001; 23:713-733.
  9. Veeger HE, Meershoek LS, van der Woude LH, Langenhoff JM. Wrist motion in handrim wheelchair propulsion. J Rehabil Res Dev 1998; 35:305-313.
  10. Mercer JL, Boninger M, Koontz A, Ren D, Dyson-Hudson T, Cooper R. Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users. Clin Biomech (Bristol , Avon ) 2006; 21:781-789.
  11. Yanai T, Hay JG, Miller GF. Shoulder impingement in front-crawl swimming: I. A method to identify impingement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32:21-29.
  12. Boninger ML, Dicianno BE, Cooper RA, Towers JD, Koontz AM, Souza AL. Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, wheelchair propulsion, and gender. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84:1615-1620.
  13. Mukherjee G, Samanta A. Physiological response to the ambulatory performance of hand-rim and arm-crank propulsion systems. J Rehabil Res Dev 2001; 38:391-399.
  14. Harrington, T. and Murphy, G. Lever propulsion design for manual wheelchairs. Bioengineering Conference. Proceedings of the IEEE 30th Annual Northeast 2004; 210-211.
  15. Van der Woude LHV, Dallmeijer AJ, Janssen TWJ, Veeger D. Alternative modes of manual wheelchair ambulation - An overview. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2001; 80:765-777.